系统管理模块

  1. 需求分析

  2. 数据库表的设计

    1. 少关联，避免关系复杂
    2. 心状设计，多个主表分模块设计，主表之间使用中间表关联

  3. 写持久化类和映射文件（数据库表的搭建）

    • User.java

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      package cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system;

      import java.io.Serializable;
      import java.util.Set;

      public class User implements Serializable{
      	private long uid;
      	private String username;
      	private String password;
      	private String sex;
      	private String phone;
      	private String email;
      	
      	private Set<Role> roles;
      	
      	private Department department;

      	public long getUid() {
      		return uid;
      	}

      	public void setUid(long uid) {
      		this.uid = uid;
      	}

      	public String getUsername() {
      		return username;
      	}

      	public void setUsername(String username) {
      		this.username = username;
      	}

      	public String getPassword() {
      		return password;
      	}

      	public void setPassword(String password) {
      		this.password = password;
      	}

      	public String getSex() {
      		return sex;
      	}

      	public void setSex(String sex) {
      		this.sex = sex;
      	}

      	public String getPhone() {
      		return phone;
      	}

      	public void setPhone(String phone) {
      		this.phone = phone;
      	}

      	public String getEmail() {
      		return email;
      	}

      	public void setEmail(String email) {
      		this.email = email;
      	}

      	public Set<Role> getRoles() {
      		return roles;
      	}

      	public void setRoles(Set<Role> roles) {
      		this.roles = roles;
      	}

      	public Department getDepartment() {
      		return department;
      	}

      	public void setDepartment(Department department) {
      		this.department = department;
      	}
      }

    • User.hbm.xml

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      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
      <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
      "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
      <hibernate-mapping>
      	<class name="cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.User">
      	<!-- class描述持久化类，name持久化类的名称 -->
      		<id name="uid" length="5">
      			<generator class="increment"></generator>
      		</id>
      		<property name="username" length="20"></property>
      		<property name="password" length="20"></property>
      		<property name="email" length="20"></property>
      		<property name="phone" length="11"></property>
      		<property name="sex" length="20"></property>
      		
      		<set name="roles" table="user_role">
      			<key>
      				<column name="uid"></column>
      			</key>
      			<many-to-many class="cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.Role" column="rid"></many-to-many>
      		</set>
      		
      		<many-to-one name="department" column="did" class="cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.Department"></many-to-one>
      	</class>
      </hibernate-mapping>

    • Department.java

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      package cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system;

      import java.io.Serializable;
      import java.util.Set;

      public class Department implements Serializable{
      	private long did;//标示符
      	private String name;//部门名称
      	private String description;//部门职能
      	private Set<User> users;
      	
      	public long getDid() {
      		return did;
      	}
      	public void setDid(long did) {
      		this.did = did;
      	}
      	public String getName() {
      		return name;
      	}
      	public void setName(String name) {
      		this.name = name;
      	}
      	public String getDescription() {
      		return description;
      	}
      	public void setDescription(String description) {
      		this.description = description;
      	}
      	public Set<User> getUsers() {
      		return users;
      	}
      	public void setUsers(Set<User> users) {
      		this.users = users;
      	}	
      }

    • Department.hbm.xml

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      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
      <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
      "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
      <hibernate-mapping>
      	<class name="cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.Department">
      	<!-- class描述持久化类，name持久化类的名称 -->
      		<id name="did" length="5">
      			<generator class="increment"></generator>
      		</id>
      		<property name="name" length="20"></property>
      		<property name="description" length="20"></property>
      		<!-- inverse 一对多维护 多的一方维护 -->
      		<set name="users" inverse="true">
      			<key>
      				<column name="did"></column>
      			</key>
      			<one-to-many class="cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.User"/>
      		</set>
      	</class>
      </hibernate-mapping>

    • Role.java

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      package cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system;

      import java.io.Serializable;
      import java.util.Set;

      public class Role implements Serializable{
      	private Long rid;//标示符
      	private String name;//名称
      	private String description;//角色描述
      	private Set<User> users;
      	
      	public Long getRid() {
      		return rid;
      	}
      	public void setRid(Long rid) {
      		this.rid = rid;
      	}
      	public String getName() {
      		return name;
      	}
      	public void setName(String name) {
      		this.name = name;
      	}
      	public String getDescription() {
      		return description;
      	}
      	public void setDescription(String description) {
      		this.description = description;
      	}
      	public Set<User> getUsers() {
      		return users;
      	}
      	public void setUsers(Set<User> users) {
      		this.users = users;
      	}	
      }

    • Role.hbm.xml

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      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
      <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
      "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
      <hibernate-mapping>
      	<class name="cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.Role">
      	<!-- class描述持久化类，name持久化类的名称 -->
      		<id name="rid" length="5">
      			<generator class="increment"></generator>
      		</id>
      		<property name="name" length="20"></property>
      		<property name="description" length="20"></property>
      		<!-- 多对多谁维护效率都一样 -->
      		<set name="users" table="user_role">
      			<key>
      				<column name="uid"></column>
      			</key>
      			<many-to-many class="cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.User"></many-to-many>
      		</set>
      	</class>
      </hibernate-mapping>

    • 讲hbm.xml文件添加到hibernate.cfg.xml文件中

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      <!-- 
      	引入映射文件
      -->
      <property name="show_sql">true</property>
      <mapping resource="cn/itcast/shoa/domain/Person.hbm.xml" />
      <mapping resource="cn/itcast/shoa/domain/system/Department.hbm.xml" />
      <mapping resource="cn/itcast/shoa/domain/system/Role.hbm.xml" />
      <mapping resource="cn/itcast/shoa/domain/system/User.hbm.xml" />

  4. 写部门模块

    1. 写dao和service层的接口和类

      • dao

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        package cn.itcast.shoa.dao;

        import cn.itcast.shoa.dao.base.BaseDao;
        import cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.Department;

        public interface DepartmentDao extends BaseDao<Department>{

        }

      • daoImpl

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        package cn.itcast.shoa.dao.impl;

        import javax.annotation.Resource;

        import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

        import cn.itcast.shoa.dao.DepartmentDao;
        import cn.itcast.shoa.dao.base.impl.BaseDaoImpl;
        import cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.Department;

        @Repository("departmentDao")
        public class DepartmentDaoImpl extends BaseDaoImpl<Department> implements DepartmentDao{

        }

      • service

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        package cn.itcast.shoa.service;

        import java.util.Collection;

        import cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.Department;

        public interface DepartmentService{
        	//Collection集合的最顶级接口
        	public Collection<Department> getAllDepartments();

        }

      • serviceImpl

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        package cn.itcast.shoa.service.impl;

        import java.util.Collection;

        import javax.annotation.Resource;

        import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

        import cn.itcast.shoa.dao.DepartmentDao;
        import cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.Department;
        import cn.itcast.shoa.service.DepartmentService;

        @Service("departmentService")
        public class DepartmentServiceImpl implements DepartmentService{
        	@Resource(name = "departmentDao")
        	private DepartmentDao departmentDao;

        	@Override
        	public Collection<Department> getAllDepartments() {
        		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
        		return this.departmentDao.getAllEntry();
        	}
        }

    2. 写action类

      • 修改BeanAction

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        package cn.itcast.shoa.struts.action.base;

        import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;

        import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
        import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;

        public class BaseAction<E> extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<E>{
        	
        	private Class classt;
        	private E e;
        	
        	public BaseAction(){
        		ParameterizedType type = (ParameterizedType)this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
        		this.classt = (Class)type.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        		try {
        			this.e = (E)this.classt.newInstance();
        		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
        			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
        			e.printStackTrace();
        		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
        			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
        			e.printStackTrace();
        		}
        	}

        	@Override
        	public E getModel() {
        		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
        		return this.e;
        	}
        	
        	
        	public static final String LISTACTION = "listAction";
        	
        	/**
        	 * 跳转了列表页面
        	 */
        	public static String listAction = LISTACTION;
        	
        	public static final String UPDATE_UI = "updateUI";
        	
        	/*
        	 * 跳转到修改界面
        	 */
        	public static String updateUI = UPDATE_UI;
        	
        	public static final String ADD_UI = "addUI";
        	
        	/**
        	 * 跳转到添加的页面
        	 */
        	public static String addUI = ADD_UI;
        	
        	
        	public static final String ACTION2ACTION = "action2action";
        	
        	/**
        	 * 由action跳转到action
        	 */
        	public static String action2action = ACTION2ACTION;
        }

      • 编写action

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        package cn.itcast.shoa.struts.action;

        import java.util.Collection;

        import javax.annotation.Resource;

        import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
        import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

        import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;

        import cn.itcast.shoa.domain.system.Department;
        import cn.itcast.shoa.service.DepartmentService;
        import cn.itcast.shoa.struts.action.base.BaseAction;

        @Controller("departmentAction")
        @Scope("prototype")
        public class DepartmentAction extends BaseAction<Department>{
        	@Resource(name="departmentService")
        	private DepartmentService departmentService;
        	
        	//方法名最好不以get开头
        	public String showAllDepartment() {
        		//list集合必须放入值栈中才能用ognl表达式获取数据  两种做法：对象栈与map栈
        		Collection<Department> departmentsList = this.departmentService.getAllDepartments();
        		//放入map
        		ActionContext.getContext().put("departmentList", departmentsList);
        		return listAction;
        	}
        }

    3. 编写struts2的配置文件

      • 编写新的配置文件struts-department.xml放在struts文件夹下

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        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
        <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
                "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
                "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

        <struts>
        	<package name="department" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        		<action name="departmentAction_*" method="{1}" class="departmentAction">
        			<result>暂时不写</result>
        		</action>
        	</package>
        </struts>

      • 修改struts.xml配置文件

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        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
        <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
                "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
                "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

        <struts>
        	<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/>
        	<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple"/>
        	
        	<include file="struts/struts-person.xml"></include>
        	<include file="struts/struts-department.xml"></include>
        </struts>

    4. 编写jsp页面，所有的jsp页面都在web-inf下建立

      conmmon处理公共的js和css，system项目模块，css存放样式。

    5. 在jsp/system/department下，创建一个list.jsp

      • 把样式进行替换引入公共的jsp文件

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        <%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/common/common.jsp" %>

      • 编写heml内容

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      <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
      <%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/common/common.jsp" %>
      <html>
      <head>
          <title>部门列表</title>
          <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
      </head>
      <body>
       
      <div id="Title_bar">
          <div id="Title_bar_Head">
              <div id="Title_Head"></div>
              <div id="Title"><!--页面标题-->
                  <img border="0" width="13" height="13" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/css/images/title_arrow.gif"/> 部门管理
              </div>
              <div id="Title_End"></div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <div id="MainArea">
          <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="TableStyle">
             
              <!-- 表头-->
              <thead>
                  <tr align=center valign=middle id=TableTitle>
                  	<td width="150px">部门名称</td>
      				<td width="200px">职能说明</td>
      				<td>相关操作</td>
                  </tr>
              </thead>

      		<!--显示数据列表-->
              <tbody id="TableData" class="dataContainer" datakey="departmentList">
              	<s:iterator value="#departmentList">
      				<tr class="TableDetail1 template">
      					<td><s:property value="name"/></td>
      					<td><s:property value="description"/></td>
      					<td><a onClick="return window.confirm('这将删除所有的下级部门，您确定要删除吗？')" href="#">删除</a>
      						<a href="saveUI.html">修改</a>
      					</td>
      				</tr>
      			</s:iterator>
      			
      			<s:iterator value="#dList">
      				<s:debug></s:debug>
      				<s:property value="name"/>
      			</s:iterator>
      			
      			<!-- 
      				Map<String,Department>
      			 -->
      			<s:iterator value="#map">
      				<s:property value="key"/>
      				<s:property value="value.name"/>
      			</s:iterator>
      			<!-- 
      				List<Map<String,Department>>
      			 -->
      			 <s:iterator value="#listMap">
      			 	<!-- 
      			 		list集合中当前迭代的元素在栈顶，所以map在栈顶，如果s:iterator中的value属性不写，默认迭代栈顶的元素
      			 	 -->
      			 	<s:iterator>
      			 		<s:property value="key"/>
      			 		<s:property value="value.name"/>
      			 	</s:iterator>
      			 </s:iterator>
      			 <!-- 
      			 	Map<String,List<Department>>
      			  -->
      			 <s:iterator value="#mapList">
      			 	<s:property value="key"/>
      			 	<s:iterator value="value">
      			 		<s:property value="name"/>
      			 	</s:iterator>
      			 </s:iterator>
      			 <!-- 
      			 	List<Map<String,List<Department>>>
      			  -->
      			 <s:iterator value="#listMapList">
      			 	<s:iterator>
      			 		<s:property value="key"/>
      			 		<s:iterator value="value">
      			 			<s:property value="name"/>
      			 		</s:iterator>
      			 	</s:iterator>
      			 </s:iterator>
              </tbody>
          </table>
          
          <!-- 其他功能超链接 -->
          <div id="TableTail">
              <div id="TableTail_inside">
                  <a href="saveUI.html"><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/css/images/createNew.png" /></a>
              </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <!--说明-->	
      <div id="Description"> 
      	说明：<br />
      	1，列表页面只显示一层的（同级的）部门数据，默认显示最顶级的部门列表。<br />
      	2，点击部门名称，可以查看此部门相应的下级部门列表。<br />
      	3，删除部门时，同时删除此部门的所有下级部门。
      </div>

      </body>
      </html>

    6. 修改struts2配置文件struts-department.xml

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      <struts>
      	<package name="department" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
      		<action name="departmentAction_*" method="{1}" class="departmentAction">
      			<result name="listAction">/WEB-INF/jsp/system/department/list.jsp</result>
      		</action>
      	</package>
      </struts>

    7. 浏览器测试http://localhost:8080/shoa_maven/departmentAction_showAllDepartment.action

      此时数据库无数据，自行在department表中添加数据

值栈

  1. 概念

    struts在后台存放数据的内存结构

  2. 生命周期

    一次请求

  3. 值栈的内存结构

    1. 对象栈
      • action
    2. map栈
      • request
      • session
      • application

  4. ognl表达式对于对象栈的数据直接根据key值获取value值就可以了，map栈的数据，加#访问。

  5. 对象栈的操作

    • 把一个对象放入到对象栈

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      //放入到栈顶
      ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack().push
          ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack().getRoot().add(0,obj)
      //放入到栈底
      ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack().getRoot().add
      //把一个栈顶的元素弹出
      ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack().pop();
      //得到栈顶的元素
      ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack().peek();

      如果把一个对象放入对象栈中，可以通过访问其属性直接访问其值。

  6. 案例：

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    ActionContext.getContext().put("departmentsList", departmentsList);
    把departmentsList放入map栈中，并取名为"departmentsList"
    //value的值是要迭代的集合在哪
    //该标签有一个规则：当前正在迭代的元素在栈顶
    <s:iterator value="#departmentList">
    				<tr class="TableDetail1 template">
    					<td><s:property value="name"/></td>
    					<td><s:property value="description"/></td>
    					<td><a onClick="return window.confirm('这将删除所有的下级部门，您确定要删除吗？')" href="#">删除</a>
    						<a href="saveUI.html">修改</a>
    					</td>
    				</tr>
    </s:iterator>

    测试map中迭代的元素在栈顶

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    //测试map中迭代的元素在栈顶
    	public String showList() {
    		Department department = new Department();
    		department .setName("华沙");
    		List<Department> dList = new ArrayList<Department>();
    		dList.add(department);
    		ActionContext.getContext().put("dlist", dList);
    		return listAction;
    	}
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    <s:iterator value="#dlist">
    	<s:debug></s:debug>
    	<s:property value="name"/>
    </s:iterator>

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